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<h1 style='font-family: Malgun Gothic, Consolas; font-size: 20pt; color: #006699; text-align: center; font-weight: bold'>파이썬 - pymssql을 윈도우 환경에서 설치 불가</h1>

이 글은 해법을 제시하지 않고, 단지 해결을 위한 중간 단계까지의 시행착오만 담고 있습니다. 
 
<hr style='width: 50%' /> 
 
아쉽게도 pymssql은 윈도우 환경에서 (제가 방법을 모르는 걸 수도 있지만) 설치가 안 됩니다. 일단 시도를 해보면, 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
c:\temp&gt; python --version
Python 3.7.3

c:\temp&gt; python -m pip install pymssql
Collecting pymssql
 Downloading pymssql-2.2.8.tar.gz (171 kB)
 |████████████████████████████████| 171 kB 6.4 MB/s
 Installing build dependencies ... done
 Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
 Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: pymssql
 Building wheel for pymssql (pyproject.toml) ... error
 ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
 command: 'C:\Python37\python.exe' 'C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py' build_wheel '%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpw6373io1'
 cwd: %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-k5o2dacd\pymssql_49532f5aeab24dd8aff035d1baba3af9
 Complete output (41 lines):
 setup.py: platform.system() =&gt; Windows
 setup.py: platform.architecture() =&gt; ('64bit', 'WindowsPE')
 setup.py: include_dirs =&gt; []
 setup.py: library_dirs =&gt; []
 running bdist_wheel
 running build
 running build_py
 creating build
 creating build\lib.win32-cpython-37
 creating build\lib.win32-cpython-37\pymssql
 copying src\pymssql\__init__.py -&gt; build\lib.win32-cpython-37\pymssql
 running build_ext
 Compiling src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx because it changed.
 [1/1] Cythonizing src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx
 building 'pymssql._mssql' extension
 creating build\temp.win32-cpython-37
 creating build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release
 creating build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src
 creating build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src\pymssql
 "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.35.32215\bin\HostX86\x86\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -IC:\Python37\include -IC:\Python37\Include "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.35.32215\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.35.32215\ATLMFC\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22000.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\cppwinrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\include\um" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.35.32215\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.35.32215\ATLMFC\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22000.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\cppwinrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\include\um" /Tcsrc\pymssql\_mssql.c /Fobuild\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src\pymssql\_mssql.obj -DMSDBLIB
 _mssql.c
 src\pymssql\_mssql.c(1139): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'sqlfront.h': No such file or directory
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:27:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:28:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:29:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:30:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:31:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:32:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:35:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:36:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:38:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:82:0: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:230:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:264:4: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:333:4: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:831:8: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:919:8: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:1005:12: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:1379:16: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:1713:8: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 error: command 'C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\Enterprise\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.35.32215\\bin\\HostX86\\x86\\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
 ----------------------------------------
 ERROR: Failed building wheel for pymssql
Failed to build pymssql
ERROR: Could not build wheels for pymssql, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
WARNING: You are using pip version 21.3.1; however, version 23.2.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'C:\Python37\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
</pre>
 
복잡한 오류 메시지 속에 이번에도 "<a target='tab' href='https://www.sysnet.pe.kr/2/0/13373#2'>fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'sqlfront.h': No such file or directory</a>" 문제가 나옵니다. 따라서 아래의 글에 따라, 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
failed to build: Cannot open include file: 'sqlfront.h': No such file or directory
; <a target='tab' href='https://github.com/pymssql/pymssql/issues/372'>https://github.com/pymssql/pymssql/issues/372</a>
</pre>
 
(리눅스에서 freetds-dev를 설치한 것처럼) <a target='tab' href='https://github.com/ramiro/freetds/releases'>x86의 경우, freetds-v0.95.95-win-x86-vs2015.zip을, x64의 경우 freetds-v0.95.95-win-x86_64-vs2015.zip</a>을 다운로드해 압축을 풀어 INCLUDE, LIB 환경 변수를 연결해 줍니다. 아래는 요즘 세상에 x86을 쓰진 않을 테니 x64를 기준으로 환경 구성을 가정합니다. 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
// Visual Studio 2022의 "x64 Native Tools Command Prompt" 창을 열고,
// 여기서는 C:\temp\tds 디렉터리에 압축을 푼 것으로 가정.

set INCLUDE=C:\temp\tds\include;%INCLUDE%
set LIB=C:\temp\tds\lib-nossl;C:\temp\tds\lib-nossl\static;%LIB%
</pre>
 
이후 컴파일 오류는 없지만 대신 link.exe 단계에서 오류가 발생합니다. 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
c:\temp&gt; python -m pip install pymssql
Collecting pymssql
 Using cached pymssql-2.2.8.tar.gz (171 kB)
 Installing build dependencies ... done
 Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
 Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: pymssql
 Building wheel for pymssql (PEP 517) ... error
 ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
 command: 'C:\Python37\python.exe' 'C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py' build_wheel '%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp\tmp0ykb3vrw'
 cwd: %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-5zn5kp88\pymssql_4ecd3707a9b24eaba3f06dbae1163ed0
 Complete output (44 lines):
 setup.py: platform.system() =&gt; Windows
 setup.py: platform.architecture() =&gt; ('64bit', 'WindowsPE')
 setup.py: include_dirs =&gt; []
 setup.py: library_dirs =&gt; []
 running bdist_wheel
 running build
 running build_py
 creating build
 creating build\lib.win32-cpython-37
 creating build\lib.win32-cpython-37\pymssql
 copying src\pymssql\__init__.py -&gt; build\lib.win32-cpython-37\pymssql
 running build_ext
 Compiling src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx because it changed.
 [1/1] Cythonizing src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx
 building 'pymssql._mssql' extension
 creating build\temp.win32-cpython-37
 creating build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release
 creating build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src
 creating build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src\pymssql
 "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\bin\HostX86\x86\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -IC:\Python37\include -IC:\Python37\Include "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\ATLMFC\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22000.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\cppwinrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\include\um" -IC:\temp\tds\include "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\ATLMFC\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22000.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\cppwinrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\include\um" /Tcsrc\pymssql\_mssql.c /Fobuild\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src\pymssql\_mssql.obj -DMSDBLIB
 _mssql.c
 src\pymssql\_mssql.c(37094): warning C4146: unary minus operator applied to unsigned type, result still unsigned
 src\pymssql\_mssql.c(38018): warning C4146: unary minus operator applied to unsigned type, result still unsigned
 "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\bin\HostX86\x86\link.exe" /nologo /INCREMENTAL:NO /LTCG /DLL /MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2 /MANIFESTUAC:NO "/LIBPATH:c:/Program Files/OpenSSL-Win64/lib" /LIBPATH:C:\Python37\libs /LIBPATH:C:\Python37 /LIBPATH:C:\Python37\PCbuild\win32 "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\ATLMFC\lib\x86" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\lib\x86" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\lib\um\x86" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.22000.0\ucrt\x86" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\lib\10.0.22000.0\\um\x86" /LIBPATH:C:\temp\tds\lib-nossl /LIBPATH:C:\temp\tds\lib-nossl\static "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\ATLMFC\lib\x86" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\lib\x86" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\lib\um\x86" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.22000.0\ucrt\x86" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\lib\10.0.22000.0\\um\x86" replacements.lib db-lib.lib tds.lib tdsutils.lib ws2_32.lib wsock32.lib kernel32.lib shell32.lib libssl_static.lib libcrypto_static.lib crypt32.lib advapi32.lib gdi32.lib user32.lib /EXPORT:PyInit__mssql build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src\pymssql\_mssql.obj /OUT:build\lib.win32-cpython-37\pymssql\_mssql.cp37-win_amd64.pyd /IMPLIB:build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src\pymssql\_mssql.cp37-win_amd64.lib
 LINK : fatal error LNK1181: cannot open input file 'tdsutils.lib'
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:27:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:28:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:29:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:30:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:31:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:32:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:35:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:36:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:38:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:82:0: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:230:0: The 'DEF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using global variables, constants, and in-place literals instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:264:4: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:333:4: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:831:8: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:919:8: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:1005:12: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:1379:16: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 warning: src\pymssql\_mssql.pyx:1713:8: The 'IF' statement is deprecated and will be removed in a future Cython version. Consider using runtime conditions or C macros instead. See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4310
 error: command 'C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\Enterprise\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.36.32532\\bin\\HostX86\\x86\\link.exe' failed with exit code 1181
 ----------------------------------------
 ERROR: Failed building wheel for pymssql
Failed to build pymssql
ERROR: Could not build wheels for pymssql which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly
</pre>
 
중간에 보면 "LINK : fatal error LNK1181: cannot open input file 'tdsutils.lib'" 오류가 있는데 실제로 "C:\temp\tds" 하위 디렉터리에는 해당 파일이 없습니다. 
 
이에 관해 이슈를 보면, 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
Error building pymssql on Windows - tdsutils.lib does not exist.
; <a target='tab' href='https://groups.google.com/g/pymssql/c/EVbXwuM0gZk'>https://groups.google.com/g/pymssql/c/EVbXwuM0gZk</a>
</pre>
 
"Mikhail Terekhov"의 답변에 해당 lib 파일은 직접 빌드해서 얻는 것처럼 나옵니다. 
 
<hr style='width: 50%' /> 
 
그런데, 이 과정이 좀 복잡합니다. 우선, <a target='tab' href='https://github.com/pymssql/pymssql/blob/master/dev/build.py'>build.py 파일을 다운로드</a>하고, 실행하면, 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
c:\temp\tdsutil&gt; python build.py --ws-dir=freetds --dist-dir=dist --sdist --freetds-version="1.3.4"
downloading http://ftp.freetds.org/pub/freetds/stable/freetds-1.3.4.tar.gz to c:\temp\tdsutil\freetds\freetds-1.3.4.tar.gz
downloading DONE
extracting win-iconv.zip -&gt; c:\temp\tdsutil\freetds\win-iconv
running cmake in c:\temp\tdsutil\freetds\win-iconv
The system cannot find the path specified.
Build failed: Command '"C:\Program Files\CMake\bin\cmake.exe" -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_STATIC=on -DBUILD_SHARED=off -DBUILD_EXECUTABLE=off -DBUILD_TEST=off .' returned non-zero exit status 1.
</pre>
 
CMake 환경을 먼저 구성해야 합니다. ^^; 제 경우에는 Visual Studio 2022의 구성 요소로 "C++ CMake tools for Windows"를 설치해 두었기 때문에 이미 "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\CMake\CMake" 경로에 있으므로 juction 연결을 한 다음, 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
mklink /J "C:\Program Files\CMake" "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\CMake\CMake"
</pre>
 
다시 실행합니다. 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
c:\temp\tdsutil&gt; python build.py --ws-dir=freetds --dist-dir=dist --sdist --freetds-version="1.3.4"
c:\temp\tdsutil\freetds\freetds-1.3.4.tar.gz already exists
c:\temp\tdsutil\freetds\win-iconv.zip already exists
downloading DONE
extracting win-iconv.zip -&gt; c:\temp\tdsutil\freetds\win-iconv
running cmake in c:\temp\tdsutil\freetds\win-iconv
CMake Warning (dev) at CMakeLists.txt:1 (project):
 cmake_minimum_required() should be called prior to this top-level project()
 call. Please see the cmake-commands(7) manual for usage documentation of
 both commands.
This warning is for project developers. Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.

-- The C compiler identification is MSVC 19.36.32535.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.36.32535.0
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
...[생략]...
-- Installing: C:/temp/tdsutil/freetds/freetds-1.3.4-bin/lib/tdsutils.lib
-- Installing: C:/temp/tdsutil/freetds/freetds-1.3.4-bin/lib/replacements.lib
-- Installing: C:/temp/tdsutil/freetds/freetds-1.3.4-bin/lib/tds.lib
...[생략]...
-- Installing: C:/temp/tdsutil/freetds/freetds-1.3.4-bin/lib/tdssrv.lib
-- Installing: C:/temp/tdsutil/freetds/freetds-1.3.4-bin/bin/tdspool.exe
ERROR: Directory '.' is not installable. Neither 'setup.py' nor 'pyproject.toml' found.
Build failed: Command 'C:\Python37\python.exe -m pip wheel . -w c:\temp\tdsutil\dist' returned non-zero exit status 1.
</pre>
 
비록 실패는 했지만, tdsutils.lib 파일은 빌드가 되었으므로 그 파일을 "C:\temp\tds\lib-nossl" 디렉터리에 복사 후 다시 실행하면 다른 라이브러리를 찾기 시작합니다. 
 
<div style='BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccffcc; padding: 10px 10px 5px 10px; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 10px; FONT-FAMILY: Malgun Gothic, Consolas, Verdana; COLOR: #005555'>
replacements.lib db-lib.lib tds.lib tdsutils.lib ws2_32.lib wsock32.lib kernel32.lib shell32.lib libssl_static.lib libcrypto_static.lib crypt32.lib advapi32.lib gdi32.lib user32.lib 
</div> 
 
이것들 중에서 없는 것은 libssl_static.lib, libcrypto_static.lib 2개 파일인데, 다행히 <a target='tab' href='https://www.sysnet.pe.kr/2/0/11409#openssl'>vcpkg로 openssl을 빌드</a>하면 구할 수 있습니다. 
 
그래서 ^^; 다시 빌드해 볼까요? 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
c:\temp&gt; python -m pip install pymssql
...[생략]...
 src\pymssql\_mssql.c(38018): warning C4146: unary minus operator applied to unsigned type, result still unsigned
 "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\bin\HostX86\x64\link.exe" /nologo /INCREMENTAL:NO /LTCG /DLL /MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2 /MANIFESTUAC:NO "/LIBPATH:c:/Program Files/OpenSSL-Win64/lib" /LIBPATH:C:\Python37\libs /LIBPATH:C:\Python37 /LIBPATH:C:\Python37\PCbuild\amd64 "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\ATLMFC\lib\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\lib\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\lib\um\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.22000.0\ucrt\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\lib\10.0.22000.0\\um\x64" /LIBPATH:C:\temp\tds\lib-nossl /LIBPATH:C:\temp\tds\lib-nossl\static "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\ATLMFC\lib\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\lib\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\lib\um\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.22000.0\ucrt\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\lib\10.0.22000.0\\um\x64" replacements.lib db-lib.lib tds.lib tdsutils.lib ws2_32.lib wsock32.lib kernel32.lib shell32.lib libssl_static.lib libcrypto_static.lib crypt32.lib advapi32.lib gdi32.lib user32.lib /EXPORT:PyInit__mssql build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-37\Release\src\pymssql\_mssql.obj /OUT:build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\pymssql\_mssql.cp37-win_amd64.pyd /IMPLIB:build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-37\Release\src\pymssql\_mssql.cp37-win_amd64.lib
 Creating library build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-37\Release\src\pymssql\_mssql.cp37-win_amd64.lib and object build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-37\Release\src\pymssql\_mssql.cp37-win_amd64.exp
 tds.lib(iconv.c.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol iconv_open
 tds.lib(iconv.c.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol iconv_close
 tds.lib(iconv.c.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol iconv
 build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\pymssql\_mssql.cp37-win_amd64.pyd : fatal error LNK1120: 3 unresolved externals
</pre>
 
이번에는 iconv 관련 함수를 못 찾고 있습니다. 이게 약간 문제인데요, 애당초 link.exe 실행 명령을 보면 iconv.lib를 전달하지 않으므로 해당 함수들을 링킹하지 못하고 있는 것입니다. 일단 임시 방편으로 pip install 설치 시 temporary 디렉터리를 삭제하지 않도록 빌드한 다음, 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
c:\temp&gt; python -m pip install pymssql --no-clean
</pre>
 
바로 그 임시 디렉터리를 찾아, 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
C:\&gt; dir /a/s lib.win-amd64-cpython-37
 Volume in drive C has no label.
 Volume Serial Number is 7090-BBAB

Directory of %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-n3akcnxs\pymssql_e28c63ffe19a49c6ade659e651329395\build

2023-08-10  오전 10:47    &lt;DIR&gt;          lib.win-amd64-cpython-37
               0 File(s)              0 bytes

Total Files Listed:
 0 File(s) 0 bytes
 1 Dir(s) 317,131,005,952 bytes free
</pre>
 
build 디렉터리를 하위로 두는 곳으로 이동해, 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
cd %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-n3akcnxs\pymssql_e28c63ffe19a49c6ade659e651329395
</pre>
 
iconv.lib를 담은 명령어를 우리가 직접 실행하는 것도 가능합니다. 
 
<div style='BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccffcc; padding: 10px 10px 5px 10px; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 10px; FONT-FAMILY: Malgun Gothic, Consolas, Verdana; COLOR: #005555'>
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\bin\HostX86\x64\link.exe" /nologo /INCREMENTAL:NO /LTCG /DLL /MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2 /MANIFESTUAC:NO "/LIBPATH:c:/Program Files/OpenSSL-Win64/lib" /LIBPATH:C:\Python37\libs /LIBPATH:C:\Python37 /LIBPATH:C:\Python37\PCbuild\amd64 "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\ATLMFC\lib\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\lib\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\lib\um\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.22000.0\ucrt\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\lib\10.0.22000.0\\um\x64" /LIBPATH:C:\temp\tds\lib-nossl /LIBPATH:C:\temp\tds\lib-nossl\static "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\ATLMFC\lib\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\lib\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\lib\um\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.22000.0\ucrt\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\lib\10.0.22000.0\\um\x64" db-lib.lib tds.lib tdsutils.lib ws2_32.lib wsock32.lib kernel32.lib shell32.lib libssl_static.lib iconv.lib libcrypto_static.lib crypt32.lib advapi32.lib gdi32.lib user32.lib /EXPORT:PyInit__mssql build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-37\Release\src\pymssql\_mssql.obj /OUT:build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\pymssql\_mssql.cp37-win_amd64.pyd /IMPLIB:build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-37\Release\src\pymssql\_mssql.cp37-win_amd64.lib
</div> 
 
하지만, 그래도 오류가 발생하는데요, ^^; 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
...[생략]...
Generating code
Finished generating code
replacements.lib(win_mutex.c.obj) : error LNK2005: tds_win_mutex_lock already defined in tdsutils.lib(win_mutex.c.obj)
build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\pymssql\_mssql.cp37-win_amd64.pyd : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found
</pre>
 
이전에 build.py로 빌드했던 tdsutils.lib와 freetds-v0.95.95-win-x86_64-vs2015.zip에 있던 replacements.lib에 동일한 tds_win_mutex_lock 함수가 중복 포함돼 있어 오류가 발생합니다. ^^; 
 
휴... 끝이 없습니다. ^^; 
 
<hr style='width: 50%' /> 
 
다시 처음으로 돌아가서, "freetds-v0.95.95-win-x86_64-vs2015.zip" 버전 v0.95.95가 2016년 4월 2일 릴리스니까, 아마도 그때 버전의 pymssql은 잘 설치가 되었을 것입니다. 
 
당시 버전을 보면 2.1.2인데요, 이걸로 설치해 보면 오류 메시지가 그래도 나옵니다. 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
c:\temp&gt; python -m pip install pymssql==2.1.2
 ...[생략]...
 _mssql.c
 _mssql.c(10930): warning C4244: '=': conversion from 'Py_ssize_t' to 'int', possible loss of data
 _mssql.c(15967): warning C4267: '=': conversion from 'size_t' to 'int', possible loss of data
 _mssql.c(24724): warning C4146: unary minus operator applied to unsigned type, result still unsigned
 _mssql.c(25522): error C2039: 'exc_type': is not a member of '_ts'
 C:\Python37\include\pystate.h(212): note: see declaration of '_ts'
 _mssql.c(25523): error C2039: 'exc_value': is not a member of '_ts'
 C:\Python37\include\pystate.h(212): note: see declaration of '_ts'
 ...[생략]...
</pre>
 
빌드 과정 중 Python 설치 디렉터리의 include\pystate.h 헤더 파일을 참고하는데, 제가 실습한 Python 3.7에는 _ts 헤더 파일에 exc_type 필드가 실제로 존재하지 않았습니다. 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
typedef struct _ts {
 /* See Python/ceval.c for comments explaining most fields */

struct _ts *prev;
    struct _ts *next;
    PyInterpreterState *interp;

struct _frame *frame;
 ...[생략]...
}
</pre>
 
그렇다면 당시 파이썬에는 있었다는 이야기인데요, 단적으로 python 2.7의 헤더를 보면, 
 
<pre style='margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 10px; background-color: #fbedbb; overflow: auto; font-family: Consolas, Verdana;' >
typedef struct _ts {
 /* See Python/ceval.c for comments explaining most fields */

struct _ts *next;
    PyInterpreterState *interp;

struct _frame *frame;
    int recursion_depth;
    /* 'tracing' keeps track of the execution depth when tracing/profiling.
       This is to prevent the actual trace/profile code from being recorded in
       the trace/profile. */
    int tracing;
    int use_tracing;

Py_tracefunc c_profilefunc;
    Py_tracefunc c_tracefunc;
    PyObject *c_profileobj;
    PyObject *c_traceobj;

PyObject *curexc_type;
    PyObject *curexc_value;
    PyObject *curexc_traceback;

PyObject *exc_type;
 PyObject *exc_value;
 PyObject *exc_traceback;

...[생략]...
}
</pre>
 
이렇게 exc_type 필드가 보입니다. 음... 결국 적절한 파이썬 버전까지 맞춰서 빌드하면 된다는 이야기인데, 나중에 시간나면 해봐야겠습니다. 일단 현재는 여기까지만! ^^;

<hr />[이 글에 대해서 여러분들과 의견을 공유하고 싶습니다. 틀리거나 미흡한 부분 또는 의문 사항이 있으시면 언제든 댓글 남겨주십시오.]

</div>

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