MASM + CRT 함수를 사용하는 경우 발생하는 컴파일 오류 정리
C/C++ 함수를 사용하는 경우 발생하는 링커 오류를 정리합니다.
이전 글에서 마지막 hello_cpp.asm을 컴파일할 때, 그냥 Win32 API 호출하던 예제를 컴파일하듯이 명령어를 주면,
ml64 hello_cpp.asm /link /subsystem:console kernel32.lib /entry:main
당연히 printf 함수를 찾을 수 없다는 오류가 발생합니다.
hello_cpp.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol printf referenced in function main
그래서 단순히 이에 대한 정의만 포함하고 있는 legacy_stdio_definitions.lib를 추가하면,
ml64 hello_cpp.asm /link /subsystem:console kernel32.lib legacy_stdio_definitions.lib /entry:main
이제는 더 많은 오류가 발생합니다.
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __acrt_iob_func referenced in function _vwprintf_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vfwprintf referenced in function _vfwprintf_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vfwprintf_s referenced in function _vfwprintf_s_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vfwprintf_p referenced in function _vfwprintf_p_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vfwscanf referenced in function _vfwscanf_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vswprintf referenced in function _vsnwprintf_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vswprintf_s referenced in function _vswprintf_s_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vsnwprintf_s referenced in function _vsnwprintf_s_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vswprintf_p referenced in function _vswprintf_p_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vswscanf referenced in function _vswscanf_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vfprintf referenced in function _vfprintf_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vfprintf_s referenced in function _vfprintf_s_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vfprintf_p referenced in function _vfprintf_p_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vfscanf referenced in function _vfscanf_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vsprintf referenced in function _vsnprintf_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vsprintf_s referenced in function _vsprintf_s_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vsnprintf_s referenced in function _vsnprintf_s_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vsprintf_p referenced in function _vsprintf_p_l
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __stdio_common_vsscanf referenced in function _vsscanf_l
hello_cpp.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 19 unresolved externals
이 함수들에 대한 정의를 포함한 ucrt.lib를 다시 한 번 더 추가해야 합니다.
ml64 hello_cpp.asm /link /subsystem:console kernel32.lib ucrt.lib legacy_stdio_definitions.lib /entry:main
이제는 빌드까지는 잘 되지만 찜찜한 링크 경고가 하나 남습니다.
legacy_stdio_wide_specifiers.lib(legacy_stdio_wide_specifiers.obj) : warning LNK4210: .CRT section exists; there may be unhandled static initializers or terminators
즉,
CRT 초기화를 위한 진입점을 호출해야 하는 건데요, 따라서 진입점을 우리가 만든 main이 아니라 CRT의 main에 해당하는 mainCRTStartup로 /entry 옵션을 잡아줘야 합니다.
ml64 hello_cpp.asm /link /subsystem:console kernel32.lib ucrt.lib legacy_stdio_definitions.lib /entry:main /entry:mainCRTStartup
하지만 ^^; 그래도 오류가 발생합니다.
LINK : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol mainCRTStartup
그래서 mainCRTStartup를 정의한 libcmt.lib를 추가하면,
ml64 hello_cpp.asm /link /subsystem:console kernel32.lib libcmt.lib ucrt.lib legacy_stdio_definitions.lib /entry:main /entry:mainCRTStartup
될 듯도 한데, 분명히 완벽한 데도 불구하고 오류가 발생합니다.
libucrt.lib(exit.obj) : error LNK2005: _c_exit already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(exit.obj) : error LNK2005: _cexit already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(exit.obj) : error LNK2005: _exit already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(exit.obj) : error LNK2005: _register_thread_local_exe_atexit_callback already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(exit.obj) : error LNK2005: exit already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(onexit.obj) : error LNK2005: _crt_at_quick_exit already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(onexit.obj) : error LNK2005: _crt_atexit already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(onexit.obj) : error LNK2005: _execute_onexit_table already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(onexit.obj) : error LNK2005: _initialize_onexit_table already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(onexit.obj) : error LNK2005: _register_onexit_function already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(argv_data.obj) : error LNK2005: __p___argc already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(argv_data.obj) : error LNK2005: __p___argv already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(matherr.obj) : error LNK2005: __setusermatherr already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-math-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(environment_initialization.obj) : error LNK2005: _get_initial_narrow_environment already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(environment_initialization.obj) : error LNK2005: _initialize_narrow_environment already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(wsetlocale.obj) : error LNK2005: _configthreadlocale already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-locale-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(exception_filter.obj) : error LNK2005: _seh_filter_dll already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(exception_filter.obj) : error LNK2005: _seh_filter_exe already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(new_mode.obj) : error LNK2005: _set_new_mode already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-heap-l1-1-0.dll)
libucrt.lib(report_runtime_error.obj) : error LNK2005: _set_app_type already defined in ucrt.lib(api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll)
hello_cpp.exe : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found
이 오류는, 명령행의 인자로 지정한 라이브러리 순서가 libcmt.lib + ucrt.lib인 것을 거꾸로 ucrt.lib + libcmt.lib 순으로 해주면 정상적으로 빌드가 됩니다. ^^;
ml64 hello_cpp.asm /link /subsystem:console kernel32.lib ucrt.lib libcmt.lib legacy_stdio_definitions.lib /entry:main /entry:mainCRTStartup
자, 그럼 이 상태에서
nodefaultlib 옵션을 주면 어떨까요?
ml64 hello_cpp.asm /link /nodefaultlib /subsystem:console kernel32.lib ucrt.lib libcmt.lib legacy_stdio_definitions.lib /entry:main /entry:mainCRTStartup
이런 오류들이 쏟아져 나오는데,
libcmt.lib(exe_main.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __C_specific_handler
libcmt.lib(utility.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __C_specific_handler
libcmt.lib(tncleanup.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __std_type_info_destroy_list referenced in function "void __cdecl __scrt_uninitialize_type_info(void)" (?__scrt_uninitialize_type_info@@YAXXZ)
libcmt.lib(utility_desktop.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __current_exception referenced in function __scrt_unhandled_exception_filter
libcmt.lib(utility_desktop.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __current_exception_context referenced in function __scrt_unhandled_exception_filter
libcmt.lib(utility_desktop.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol memset referenced in function __scrt_fastfail
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __PLEASE_LINK_WITH_legacy_stdio_wide_specifiers.lib
vcruntime.lib와 링크시키면 됩니다.
ml64 hello_cpp.asm /link /nodefaultlib /subsystem:console kernel32.lib vcruntime.lib ucrt.lib libcmt.lib legacy_stdio_definitions.lib /entry:main /entry:mainCRTStartup
그래도 여전히 오류가 발생합니다. ^^
legacy_stdio_definitions.lib(legacy_stdio_definitions.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __PLEASE_LINK_WITH_legacy_stdio_wide_specifiers.lib
다행히 이번에는 오류 메시지에서 legacy_stdio_wide_specifiers.lib를 포함해야 한다는 것을 알 수 있습니다. ^^
ml64 hello_cpp.asm /link /nodefaultlib /subsystem:console kernel32.lib vcruntime.lib ucrt.lib libcmt.lib legacy_stdio_definitions.lib legacy_stdio_wide_specifiers.lib /entry:main /entry:mainCRTStartup
이제야 끝이 났습니다. ^^ 정리해 보면, C 런타임을 사용하는 경우 기본적으로 다음과 같은 라이브러리를 함께 링크시켜야 합니다 ^^
- vcruntime.lib
- ucrt.lib
- libcmt.lib
- legacy_stdio_definitions.lib
- legacy_stdio_wide_specifiers.lib
[이 글에 대해서 여러분들과 의견을 공유하고 싶습니다. 틀리거나 미흡한 부분 또는 의문 사항이 있으시면 언제든 댓글 남겨주십시오.]