C# - AOT StaticExecutable 정적 링킹 시 빌드 오류
AOT 빌드 시,
C# - PublishAot의 glibc에 대한 정적 링킹하는 방법
; https://www.sysnet.pe.kr/2/0/13529
이런 오류가 발생한다면?
$ dotnet publish -r linux-x64 -c Release
MSBuild version 17.8.5+b5265ef37 for .NET
Determining projects to restore...
Restored /temp/ConsoleApp/ConsoleApp.csproj (in 337 ms).
mdump -> temp/ConsoleApp/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/net8.0/linux-x64/mdump.dll
Generating native code
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: cannot find -lz: No such file or directory
collect2 : error : ld returned 1 exit status [/temp/ConsoleApp/ConsoleApp.csproj]
/home/testusr/.nuget/packages/microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/build/Microsoft.NETCore.Native.targets(366,5): error MSB3073: The command ""gcc" "obj/Release/net8.0/linux-x64/native/mdump.o" -o "bin/Release/net8.0/linux-x64/native/mdump" -Wl,--version-script=obj/Release/net8.0/linux-x64/native/mdump.exports -Wl,--export-dynamic -gz=zlib -fuse-ld=bfd /home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/sdk/libbootstrapper.o /home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/sdk/libRuntime.WorkstationGC.a /home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/sdk/libeventpipe-disabled.a /home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/sdk/libstdc++compat.a /home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/framework/libSystem.Native.a /home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/framework/libSystem.IO.Compression.Native.a /home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/framework/libSystem.Net.Security.Native.a /home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/framework/libSystem.Security.Cryptography.Native.OpenSsl.a -g -Wl,--build-id=sha1 -Wl,--as-needed -pthread -ldl -lz -lrt -lm -static-pie -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -Wl,--defsym,__xmknod=mknod -Wl,--eh-frame-hdr -Wl,--discard-all -Wl,--gc-sections" exited with code 1. [/temp/ConsoleApp/ConsoleApp.csproj]
"-l" 옵션은 라이브러리를 지정하는 것인데, 따라서 "z" 라이브러리이면서 명명 규칙으로 인해 "lib"가 생략된 경우이므로 "libz.a" 또는 "libz.so"를 찾지 못해서 발생하는 오류입니다.
검색해 보면, zlib1g-dev 패키지를 설치하면 함께 복사된다고 하는군요. ^^
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3373995/usr-bin-ld-cannot-find-lz
$ sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
만약 이런 오류가 발생한다면?
$ dotnet publish -r linux-x64 -c Release
MSBuild version 17.8.5+b5265ef37 for .NET
Determining projects to restore...
Restored /temp/ConsoleApp/ConsoleApp.csproj (in 425 ms).
mdump -> temp/ConsoleApp/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/net8.0/linux-x64/mdump.dll
Generating native code
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: /usr/bin/ld.bfd: DWARF error: invalid or unhandled FORM value: 0x23
/home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/framework/libSystem.Native.a(pal_uid.c.o): in function `SystemNative_GetGroupList':
pal_uid.c:(.text.SystemNative_GetGroupList+0x64): warning: Using 'getgrouplist' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: /home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/framework/libSystem.Native.a(pal_uid.c.o): in function `SystemNative_GetGroupName':
pal_uid.c:(.text.SystemNative_GetGroupName+0x60): warning: Using 'getgrgid_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: /home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/framework/libSystem.Native.a(pal_uid.c.o): in function `SystemNative_GetPwNamR':
pal_uid.c:(.text.SystemNative_GetPwNamR+0x50): warning: Using 'getpwnam_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: /home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/framework/libSystem.Native.a(pal_uid.c.o): in function `SystemNative_GetPwUidR':
pal_uid.c:(.text.SystemNative_GetPwUidR+0x50): warning: Using 'getpwuid_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: /usr/bin/ld.bfd: DWARF error: invalid or unhandled FORM value: 0x23
/home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/framework/libSystem.Native.a(pal_networking.c.o): in function `SystemNative_GetHostEntryForName':
pal_networking.c:(.text.SystemNative_GetHostEntryForName+0xd4): warning: Using 'getaddrinfo' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: BFD (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38 assertion fail ../../bfd/elflink.c:15205
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: BFD (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38 assertion fail ../../bfd/elflink.c:15205
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: BFD (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38 assertion fail ../../bfd/elflink.c:15205
collect2 : error : ld returned 1 exit status [/temp/ConsoleApp/ConsoleApp.csproj]
/home/testusr/.nuget/packages/microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.5/build/Microsoft.NETCore.Native.targets(366,5): error MSB3073: The command ""gcc" "obj/Release/net8.0/linux-x64/native/mdump.o"...[생략]..." exited with code 1. [/temp/ConsoleApp/ConsoleApp.csproj]
과거에도 저 비슷한 오류가 발생했었는데, 단지 이번에는 0x23이라는 값이 다릅니다. 딱히 검색 결과가 나오지 않아서, (위의 빌드는 Ubuntu 22.04 환경에서 했는데) 다른 WSL 배포본으로 Ubuntu 20.04로 변경해 빌드하니 FORM value 오류는 발생하지만 빌드까지는 완료됩니다.
$ dotnet publish -r linux-x64 -c Release
MSBuild version 17.8.3+195e7f5a3 for .NET
Determining projects to restore...
RestorePackagesConfig =
Restored /temp/ConsoleApp/ConsoleApp.csproj (in 367 ms).
mdump -> temp/ConsoleApp/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/net8.0/linux-x64/mdump.dll
Generating native code
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: /usr/bin/ld.bfd: DWARF error: invalid or unhandled FORM value: 0x25
/home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.0/framework/libSystem.Native.a(pal_uid.c.o): in function `SystemNative_GetGroupList':
pal_uid.c:(.text.SystemNative_GetGroupList+0x64): warning: Using 'getgrouplist' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: /home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.0/framework/libSystem.Native.a(pal_uid.c.o): in function `SystemNative_GetGroupName':
pal_uid.c:(.text.SystemNative_GetGroupName+0x60): warning: Using 'getgrgid_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: /home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.0/framework/libSystem.Native.a(pal_uid.c.o): in function `SystemNative_GetPwNamR':
pal_uid.c:(.text.SystemNative_GetPwNamR+0x50): warning: Using 'getpwnam_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: /home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.0/framework/libSystem.Native.a(pal_uid.c.o): in function `SystemNative_GetPwUidR':
pal_uid.c:(.text.SystemNative_GetPwUidR+0x50): warning: Using 'getpwuid_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: /usr/bin/ld.bfd: DWARF error: invalid or unhandled FORM value: 0x25
/home/testusr/.nuget/packages/runtime.linux-x64.microsoft.dotnet.ilcompiler/8.0.0/framework/libSystem.Native.a(pal_networking.c.o): in function `SystemNative_GetHostEntryForName':
pal_networking.c:(.text.SystemNative_GetHostEntryForName+0xd4): warning: Using 'getaddrinfo' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
mdump -> temp/ConsoleApp/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/net8.0/linux-x64/publish/
다행히 ldd에는 잡히지 않는 걸로 봐서,
$ ldd mdump
statically linked
정적 링킹까지 되긴 했지만 경고가 나온 API들은 (테스트해 봐야겠지만) 호출되는 경우 정상 동작하지 않을 것입니다.
참고로, csproj에 LinkerArg 옵션을 추가해,
<ItemGroup>
<LinkerArg Include="-v" />
</ItemGroup>
22.04에서 빌드 해보면 configure가 실행되는 것을 볼 수 있습니다.
../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-11/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,brig,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-11 --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --enable-bootstrap --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie --with-system-zlib --enable-libphobos-checking=release --with-target-system-zlib=auto --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --enable-cet --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-11-XeT9lY/gcc-11-11.4.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-11-XeT9lY/gcc-11-11.4.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --without-cuda-driver --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --enable-link-serialization=2
그리고 아래의 글을 보면,
Create statically-linked binary that uses getaddrinfo?
; https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2725255/create-statically-linked-binary-that-uses-getaddrinfo
Meanwhile in version 2.20 there is the --enable-static-nss flag of configure
"--enable-static-nss" 옵션을 configure에 제공하면 libnss에 대해서도 정적 링크를 할 수 있다고 하는데, 아쉽게도 C# AOT 빌드의 경우에는 아직 configure 단계를 사용자 정의할 수 있는 방법이 없습니다.
(2024-07-10 업데이트) --enable-static-nss 옵션은 .NET 빌드가 아닌 glibc를 빌드할 때 configure로 설정해야 합니다.
[이 글에 대해서 여러분들과 의견을 공유하고 싶습니다. 틀리거나 미흡한 부분 또는 의문 사항이 있으시면 언제든 댓글 남겨주십시오.]